tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83918894090404495602024-03-14T02:30:19.426-07:00Las listrik dan las gas-asetilinedy_rahmanxtkr1http://www.blogger.com/profile/12576767657900949759noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8391889409040449560.post-24837745235911793152013-05-17T01:35:00.000-07:002013-05-17T01:40:47.716-07:00Regulator Acetylene<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">REGULATOR ACETYLENE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alat bantu dan alat ukur merupakan bahan objek yang dapat
memudahkan pengguna untuk mengukur dan mengatur besaran suatu tekanan. Terdapat
berbagai jenis alat bantu dan ukur diantaranya, Thermometer yang digunakan
untuk mengukur suhu, Penggaris digunakan untuk mengukur panjang suatu benda,
Regulator biasanya digunakan untuk mengukur suat tekanan gas yang akan
dipakai, dan lain sebagainya. Mengatur adalah mengendalikan suatu objek
sehingga dapat memberikan besaran yang hendak dipakai. Pengertian di atas memberikan
suatu acuan untuk mengetahui apa yang harus dipergunakan apabila ingin
melakukan pengukuran dengan menggunakan alat bantu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Regulator adalah alat pengatur tekanan yang berfungsi
sebagai penyalur dan mengatur serta menstabilkan tekanan gas yang keluar dari tabung
supaya aliran gas menjadi konstan. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Regulator yang akan dibahas, yaitu <b><span style="color: #3d3433;">Regulator Acetylene<i> </i></span></b>atau pada umumnya
dikenal dengan Regulator Oksi-Asetilen. Regulator tersebut biasanya dipakai
sebagai pengatur besaran tekanan gas yang digunakan untuk proses pengelasan.
Pada Regulator terdapat bagian-bagian seperti saluran masuk, katup pengaturan
tekan kerja, katup pengaman, alat pengukuran tekanan tabung,alat pengukuran
tekanan kerja dan katup pengatur keluar gas menuju selang. Pada regulator
terdapat dua buah alat pengukur tekanan yang disebut manometer. Dua buah
manometer yang terdapat pada regulator berfungsi untuk:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengukur tekanan isi tabung gas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengukur tekanan kerja las.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Pada dasarnya, regulator bekerja dengan mengenali tekanan tinggi silinder
melalui katup dioperasikan oleh diafragma fleksibel. Dengan memutar tombol pengatur
penyesuaian membuat pegas pada regulator untuk mengoperasikan diafragma yang
membuka atau menutup katup pada regulator. Pada umumnya, regulator memiliki dua
alat pengukur. Salah satunya menunjukkan masuknya tekanan dari silinder
(pengukur tekanan tinggi) dan yang lainnya menunjukkan bahwa tekanan kerja
dipasok dari regulator (pengukur tekanan rendah)</span></div>
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Ada dua jenis umum regulator yaitu first stage dan two stage. Keduanya
melakukan fungsi yang sama namun pada regulator two stage akan memberikan
tekanan yang lebih konstan sebagai tekanan silinder turun kompensasi untuk
setiap penurunan tekanan silinder akan lebih baik daripada regulator single
stage. Two stage regulator dapat diidentifikasi dengan mengetahui ruang tekanan
kedua mereka di mana single stage hanya mempunyai satu. Pada umumnya
batas tekanan yang di tunjukkan pada regulator asetilen adalah 15 psig. Oleh
karena itu, tekanan pada silinder oksigen atau asetilen tidak boleh melebihi
batas tekanan karena dapat menyebabkan silinder oksigen atau asetilen meledak </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Petunjuk
praktek penggunaan Regulator:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peganglah regulator pada badannya
jangan pada manometernya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebelum membuka katup silinder,
tutup katup regulator terlebih dahulu dengan cara memutar baut pngatur
berlawanan arah dengan jarum jam hingga terasa longgar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketika mengatur tekanan kerja,
putarlah baut pengatur perlahan – lahan searah dengan jarum jam. Tekanan gas
yang tinggi dan tiba – tiba akibat pembukaan baut pengatur secara cepat dan
merusak membran dan manometer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdirilah disamping manometer
ketika mengatur tekanan kerja.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jangan mengotori regulator dengan
minyak atau pelumas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pastikan regulator bekerja dengan baik dan segera ganti bila
regulator rusak.</span></div>
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edy_rahmanxtkr1http://www.blogger.com/profile/12576767657900949759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8391889409040449560.post-13096270302190958652013-05-17T01:13:00.001-07:002013-05-17T01:13:16.952-07:00Memotong dengan Gas Oxy-Acetylene<h1 class="entry-title">
Memotong dengan Gas Oxy-Acetylene </h1>
<strong><a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/71894_110485615681036_100001587941704_77702_8378429_n1.jpg"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-65" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/71894_110485615681036_100001587941704_77702_8378429_n1.jpg?w=593" title="71894_110485615681036_100001587941704_77702_8378429_n(1)" /></a>A. Prinsip Pemotongan Dengan Gas</strong><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Prinsip pemotongan dengan gas adalah
memotong besi atau baja dengan menggunakan panas yang dihasilkan dari
pembakaran reaksi kimia berupa gas.<br />
Proses pemotongan logam dengan gas adalah memotong dengan cara
memanaskan logam sampai mendekati titik lumer (cair) kemudian ditekan
dengan semburan gas pada tekanan tertentu sehingga logam yang akan
mencair tersebut terbuang sehingga logam terpotong.<br />
Keuntungan memotong logam dengan gas:</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Proses pemotongan cepat, berbagai bentuk
dapat dipotong dengan hasil baik. Proses pemotongan dapat dilaukakan
secara otomatis dengan mesin atau secara manual dengan tangan.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kerugian memotong logam dengan gas:</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Memerlukan alat dan perlengkapan yang
khusus, harganya mahal. Pada sisi bekas pemotongan akan terjadi
perubahan struktur yang mengakibatkan perubahan sifat logam yang
dipotong.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Alat-alat dan bahan yang dibutuhkan dalam pemotongan:<br />
<strong>1. Alat</strong></div>
<div style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;">
<strong></strong>a. Tabung gas oksigen<br />
b. Tabung gas acetylene<br />
c. Regulator oksigen<br />
d. Regulator acetylene<br />
e. Slang gas oksigen dan acetylene<br />
f. Brander<br />
g. Lighter (pemantik api)<span id="more-49"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>2. Bahan</strong></div>
<div style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;">
<strong></strong>a. Gas oksigen (O2)<br />
b. Gas acetylene (C2H2)<br />
c. Benda kerja</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>a.1. Tabung Acetylene</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong></strong>Tabung gas acetylene
mempunyai kapasitas isi 5000, 6000 atau 7500 liter dimana pada bagian
bawah tabung biasanya dipasang sumbat pengaman yang akan melebur pada
temperature 1000 C. bila temperature di dalam tabung terlalu panas
sumbat akan melebur sehingga gas acetylene keluar dari lubang. Hal ini
guna menghindari tekanan tabung meningkat yang dapat menyebabkan tabung
meledak.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tabung-acetylene.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-52" height="230" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tabung-acetylene.jpg?w=300&h=230" title="Tabung Acetylene" width="300" /></a></div>
Katup tabung dibuka dan ditutup dengan menggunakan kunci sock atau
kunci botol, dimana katup dibuka kira-kira ¼ – 1 ½ putaran dan kunci
tersebut tetap dibiarkan menempel pada katup selama katup terbuka.
Lepaskan kunci bila katup tertutup atau tidak terpakai. Tabung gas
acetylene dicat dengan warna merah tua untuk membedakannya dengan tabung
gas yang lain.<br />
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tabung-oxy-acetylene.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53" height="168" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tabung-oxy-acetylene.jpg?w=300&h=168" title="Tabung Oxy-Acetylene" width="300" /></a><br />
<strong>a.2. Tabung Oksigen</strong><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong></strong>Tabung gas oksigen
mempunyai kapasitas sama dengan tabung gas acetylene. Isi gas dalam
tabung berbanding lurus dengan tekanan, makin besar tekanan makin banyak
isi di dalamnya. Untuk membedakan tabung gas oksigen dengan tabung gas
lainnya, maka tabung gas oksigen diberi warna biru, hijau atau abu-abu
dan terkadang juga diberi warna hitam.<br />
Salah satu perbedaan antara tabung gas acetylene dengan tabung gas
oksigen adalah pada tabung gas acetylene, penghubung antara tabung
dengan regulator menggunakan ulir kiri yakni mengencangkannya dengan
diputar kea rah kiri. Sedangkan pada tabung gas oksigen menggunakan ulir
kanan yakni mengencangkannya dengan diputar kearah kanan.<br />
Pemeliharaan tabung gas:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
• Hindarkan minyak, pelumas dan gemuk dari tabung gas<br />
• Lindungi tabung dari panas dan terik matahari<br />
• Hindari tabung dari jatuh atau kejatuhan benda lain<br />
• Pemakaian gas harus selalu menggunakan regulator<br />
• Tempatkan tabung berdiri tegak<br />
• Sedapat mungkin jauhkan tabung dari sumber panas.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>a.3. Alat Pemotong (Brander Potong)</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Bagian-bagian utama brander potong manual</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/brander-potong.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-54" height="168" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/brander-potong.jpg?w=300&h=168" title="Brander Potong" width="300" /></a></div>
<strong>Nozzle atau Tip</strong><br />
Nozzle atau Tip adalah suatu komponen pada ujung brander potong yang
berfungsi sebagai torch (obor) dimana pada nozzle ini terdapat
lubang-lubang gas yang terdiri dari lubang gas untuk pemanasan awal dan
lubang gas oksigen potong.<br />
Nozzle ini memiliki ukuran yakni dilihat dari besarnya diameter lubang
gas pada nozzle. Penggunaan nozzle tersebut disesuaikan dengan tebal
bahan yang akan dipotong. Ukuran nozzle diberi penomoran sesuai besarnya
yaitu nomor 1, nomor 2 dan nomor 3. Makin tebal bahan makin besar pula
nozzle yang digunakan. Berikut adalah table pemilihan ukuran nozzle
sesuai tebal bahan yang akan dipotong.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tabel-brander.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter wp-image-55" height="160" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tabel-brander.jpg?w=284&h=160" title="Tabel Brander" width="284" /></a><a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tip.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-56" height="168" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/tip.jpg?w=300&h=168" title="Tip" width="300" /></a></div>
<strong>a.4. Regulator</strong><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Regulator berfungsi sebagai alat penurun
tekanan isi menjadi tekanan kerja yang tetap besarnya sesuai dengan
kebutuhan tekanan pemotongan. Pada regulator terdapat dua buah alat
pengukur tekanan (manometer), yaitu manometer tekanan isi tabung dan
manometer tekanan kerja.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/regulator.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-57" height="168" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/regulator.jpg?w=300&h=168" title="Regulator" width="300" /></a></div>
Perbedaan regulator oksigen dengan regulator acetylene:<br />
1. Regulator oksigen<br />
<div style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;">
- Tekanan isi sampai 250 Kg/cm2<br />
- Tekanan kerja sampai 12 Kg/cm2</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2. Regulator acetylene</div>
<div style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;">
- Tekanan isi sampai 30 Kg/cm2<br />
- Tekanan kerja sampai 3 Kg/cm2</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3. Baut dan mur pengikat</div>
<div style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;">
- Oksigen : Ulir kanan<br />
- Acetylene : Ulir kiri</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4. Warna</div>
<div style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;">
- Oksigen : biru / hijau<br />
- Acetylene : merah</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>a.5. Selang Gas</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Selang gas digunakan untuk menyalurkan
gas acetylene dan gas oksigen ke brander. Selang gas terbuat dari karet.
Sebagaimana tabung gas dan regulator gas, selang gas juga dibedakan
dengan perbedaan warna yaitu warna merah untuk gas acetylene dan warna
hijau untuk gas oksigen.<br />
Kriteria selang gas harus kuat tapi lemas tidak kaku serta tahan
terhadap tekanan tinggi hingga 10 Kg/cm2. Diameter selang gas 5 mm, 6 mm
atau 7 mm. selang ditempelkan menjadi satu untuk memudahkan dalam
penggunaan dan juga memudahkan digulung untuk menyimpan. Sebelum
digunakan sebaiknya selang diperiksa kebocoran terlebih dahulu untuk
menghindari bahaya pada saat penggunaan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>a.6. Lighter (Pemantik Api)</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Lighter atau pemantik api atau korek api
digunakan untuk menyalakan gas campuran acetylene dan oksigen yang
dipakai sebagai pemanas awal pada proses pemotongan dengan gas. Lighter
yang digunakan adalah lighter khusus untuk menyalakan brander. Lighter
harus bergagang panjang untuk menghindari terbakarnya tangan pada saat
menyalakan brander.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>a.7. Macam-macam nyala api</strong></div>
1. Nyala Api normal/netral, nyala inti api berwarna biru keputihan,
atau putih kehijauan, ujung api bulat (tumpul) dan tidak bersuara.<br />
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/nyala-netral.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-58" height="168" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/nyala-netral.jpg?w=300&h=168" title="Nyala Netral" width="300" /></a><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Api normal apabila perbandingan antara gas oksigen dan gas acetylene seimbang.</div>
2. Nyala api oksidasi, nyala inti api berwarna putih kemilau agak
keunguan, inti api berbentuk runcing dan lebih pendek serta bersuara
berdesis. Bila digunakan untuk memotong atau mengelas terjadi oksidasi
besi terapung. Hal ini terjadi apabila kelebihan oksigen.<br />
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/nyala-oksidasi.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-59" height="168" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/nyala-oksidasi.jpg?w=300&h=168" title="Nyala Oksidasi" width="300" /></a><br />
3. Nyala api karburasi, nyala inti api berwarna kuning atau
kemerahan, nyala luar kehitaman serta berasap kehitaman. Hal ini terjadi
jika kelebihan gas acetylene.<br />
<a href="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/nyala-kasburasi.jpg"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-60" height="168" src="http://technopress80.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/nyala-kasburasi.jpg?w=300&h=168" title="Nyala Kasburasi" width="300" /></a><br />
Cara menyetel api potong<br />
1. Pertama-tama buka katup tabung gas acetylene kira-kira ¼ putaran dan katup tabung gas oksigen kira-kira ½ – 1 putaran.<br />
2. Buka katup pengatur tekanan kerja pada regulator acetylene hingga mencapai ± 0,3 Kg/cm2.<br />
3. Buka katup pengatur tekanan kerja pada regulator oksigen hingga mencapai ± 2,5 Kg/cm2.<br />
4. Buka kran/valve acetylene para brander kira-kira ¼ putara, kemudian
nyalakan api brander dengan lighter. Ingat jangan menggunakan korek api
biasa.<br />
5. Buka kran oksigen pada brander secara perlahan hingga mencapai nyala api normal/netral.<br />
6. Untuk mengecek apakah nyala api sudah netral atau belum, buka
kran/tuas oksigen pemotong secara cepat kemudian tutup. Apabila inti api
tidak berubah, berarti nyala api sudah netral, jika nyala api berubah
berarti belum netral, aturlah lagi hingga meencapai nyala api netral.<br />
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<a href="http://technopress80.wordpress.com/2012/06/11/memotong-dengan-gas-oxy-acetylene/">http://technopress80.wordpress.com/2012/06/11/memotong-dengan-gas-oxy-acetylene/</a></div>
edy_rahmanxtkr1http://www.blogger.com/profile/12576767657900949759noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8391889409040449560.post-24636463301084021892013-05-17T01:06:00.001-07:002013-05-17T01:06:41.510-07:00Las Gas Asetilen<div align="justify" style="font-family: times new roman;">
<span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong>Las Gas Asetilen</strong></span><br />A. Peralatan<br />Untuk
dapat mengelas atau memotong ataupun fungsi lainya dari proses las gas
maka diperlukan peralatan yang dapat menunjang fungsi-fungsi itu. Secara
umum, peralatan yang digunakan dalam gas iniadalah :<br />1. Tabung gas Oksigen dan tabung gas bahan bakar,<br />2. Katup silinder/tabung,<br />3. Regulator,<br />4. Selang gas,<br />5. Torch,<br />6. Peralatan pengaman<br />1. Tabung Gas<br />Tabung
gas berfungsi untuk menampung gas atau gas cair dalam kondisi
bertekanan. Umumnya tabung gas dibuat dari Baja, tetapi sekarang ini
sudah banyak tabung-tabung gas yang terbuat dari paduan Alumunium.
Tabung gas tersedia dalam bentuk beragam mulai berukuran kecil hingga
besar. Ukuran tabung ini dibuat berbeda karena disesuaikan dengan
kapasitas daya tampung gas dan juga jenis gas yang ditampung.</div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: times new roman;">
Untuk
membedakan tabung gas apakah didalamnya berisi gas Oksigen, Asetilen
atau gas lainya dapat dilihat dari kode warna yang ada pada tabung itu.</div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: times new roman;">
2. Katup Tabung<br />Sedang
pengatur keluarnya gas dari dalam tabung maka digunakan katup. Katup
ini ditempatkan tepat dibagian atas dari tabung. Pada tabung gas
Oksigen, katup biasanya dibuat dari material Kuningan, sedangkan untuk
tabung gas Asetilen, katup ini terbuat dari material Baja.<br />3. Regulator<br />Regulator
atau lebih tepat dikatakan Katup Penutun Tekan, dipasang pada katub
tabung dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi atau menurunkan tekann hingga
mencapai tekana kerja torch. Regulator ini juga berperan untuk
mempertahankan besarnya tekanan kerja selama proses pengelasan atau
pemotongan. Bahkan jika tekanan dalam tabung menurun, tekana kerja harus
dipertahankan tetap oleh regulator.<br />Pada regulator terdapat
bagian-bagian seperti saluran masuk, katup pengaturan tekan kerja, katup
pengaman, alat pengukuran tekanan tabung, alat pengukuran tekanan kerja
dan katup pengatur keluar gas menuju selang.<br />4. Selang Gas<br />Untuk
mengalirkan gas yang keluar dari tabung menuju torch digunakan selang
gas. Untuk memenuhi persyaratan keamanan, selang harus mampu menahan
tekan kerja dan tidak mudah bocor. Dalam pemakaiannya, selang dibedakan
berdasarkan jenis gas yang dialirkan. Untuk memudahkan bagimana
membedakan selang Oksigen dan selang Asetilen mak cukup memperhatikan
kode warna pada selang. Berikut ini diperlihatkan table yang berisi
informasi tentang perbedaan warna untuk membedakan jenis gas yang
mengalir dalam selang.<br /><br />Torch<br />Gas yang dialirkan melalui selang
selanjutnya diteruskan oleh torch, tercampur didalamnya dan akhirnya
pada ujuang nosel terbentuk nyala api. Dari keterangan diatas, toch
memiliki dua fungsi yaitu :<br />a. Sebagai pencampur gas oksigen dan gas bahan bakar.<br />b. Sebagai pembentuk nyala api diujung nosel.<br />Torch dapat dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis menurut klasifikasi berikut ini :<br />1. Menurut cara/jalannya gas masuk keruang pencampur.<br />Dibedakan atas :<br /> Injector torch (tekanan rendah)<br />Pada torch jenis ini, tekanan gas bahan bakar selalu dibuat lebih rendah dari tekanan gas oksigen.<br /> Equal pressure torch (torch bertekanan sama)<br />Pada
torch ini, tekanan gas oksigen dan tekanan gas bahan bakar pada sisi
saluran masuk sama besar.proses pencampuran kedua gas dalam ruang
pencampur berlangsung dalam tekanan yang sama.<br />2. Menurut ukuran dan berat. Dibedakan atas :<br />- Toch normal<br />- Torch ringan/kecil<br />3. Menurut jumlah saluran nyala api. Dibedakan atas :<br />- Torch nyala api tunggal<br />- Torch nyala api jamak<br />4. Menurut gas yang digunakan. Dibedakan atas :<br />- Torch untuk gas asetilen<br />- Torch untuk gas hydrogen, dan lain-lain.<br />5. Menurut aplikasi. Dibedakan atas :<br />- Torch manual<br />- Torch otomatik/semi otomatik</div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: times new roman;">
Las
gas, yang dilapangan lebih dikenal dengan istilah las karbit,
sebenarnya adalah pengelasan yang dilaksanakan dengan pencampuran 2
jenis gas sebagai pembentuk nyala api dan sebagai sumber panas. Dalam
proses las gas ini,<br />gas yang digunakan adalah campuran dari gas
Oksigen (O2) dan gas lain sebagai gas bahan bakar (fuel gas). Gas bahan
bakar yang paling popular dan paling banyak digunakan dibengkel-bengkel
adalah gas Asetilen ( dari kata “acetylene”, dan memiliki rumus kimia
C2H2 ). Gas ini memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan gas bahan bakar
lain. Kelebihan yang dimiliki gas Asetilen antara lain, menghasilkan
temperature nyala api lebih tinggi dari gas bahan bakar lainya, baik
bila dicampur dengan udara ataupun Oksigen.<br /><br />Dari table(klik
disini untuk melihat tabel) gas-gas lain yang juga berperan adalah gas
propane (LPG), methane dan hydrogen. Karena temperature nyala api yang
dihasilkan lebih rendah dari gas asitilen maka ketiga jenis gas ini
jarang dipakai sebagai gas pencampur.<br /><br />Seperti disebutkan, gas
Asetilen merupakan jenis gas yang paling banyak digunakan sebagi bahan
pencampuran dengan gas Oksigen. Jika gas Asetilen digunakan sebagi gas
pencampur maka seringkali proses pengelasan disebut dengan las karbit.
Gas Asetilen ini sebenarnya dihasilkan dari reaksi batu Kalsium KARBIDA
(orang-orang menyebut karbit) dengan air. Jadi jika Kalsium Karbida ini
disiram atau dicelupkan ke dalam air maka akan terbentuk gas Asetilen.
Jadi penyebutan nama las karbit hanya untuk mencirikan bahwa gas yang
digunakan salah satunya adalah gas Asetilen.<br />Selain dikenal dengan
nama las karbit, kadang-kadang masyarakat umum menyebut kan juga dengan
nama lain yaitu las MDQ. Penyebutan nama MDQ ini sesungguhnya mengacu
pada satu merk batu karbit. Jadi nama las karbit atau las asetilen atau
las MDQ sebenarnya adalah satu nama proses las yan sama.<br />Untuk dapat
melakukan pengelasan dengan cara las gas, diperlukan peralatan seperti
tabung gas Oksigen dan tabung gas Asetilen, katup tabung, regulator
(pengatur tekanan gas), selang gas dan torch (brander). Kedua gas
Oksigen dan Asetilen keluar dari masing-masing tabung dengan tekanan
tertentu, mengalir menuju torch melalui regulator dan selang gas.
Setelah sampai di torch kedua gas tercampur dan akhirnya keluar dari
ujung nosel torch. Dengan bantuan pematik api, campuran gas yang keluar
dari ujung nosel membentuk nyala api denagn intensitas tertentu<br /><br />Peralatan dalam Proses Las Gas klik disini untuk melihat<br />Proses
las gas (pada tutorial ini akan sering disebutkan las gas untuk
mencirikan bahwa las yang dimaksud adalah las yang melibatkan campuran
gas Oksigen dan gas bahan bakar) umumnya dipakai secara manual yaitu
dikerjakan oleh tangan juru las. Pengaturan panas dan pemberian kawat
las dilakukan oleh kombinasi kedua tangan juru las. Oleh karena itu,
kualitas sambungan nantinya akan dipengaruhi oleh ketrampilan dan
keahlian si juru las.<br />Sebenarnya sudah ada pengembangan dari proses
las gas ini menjadi semi-otomatis atau “dimensikan”. Tentu saja hal itu
dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan untuk mendapatkan kualitas sambungan
yang lebih baik. Dengan system yang sudah otomatis maka pengaturan panas
dan pemberian kawat las akan lebih baik lagi. Kebanyakan otomatis
system diterapkan apada operasi-operai pemotongan pelat logam dimana
pada sistem itu kecepatan pemotongan dapat diatur.<br />Proses las gas
dapat dilaksanakan dengan pemberian kawat las (atau istilah logam
pengisi) atau tidak sama sekali. Satu syarat dimana diperlukan logam
pengisi atau tidak adalah dilihat dari ketebalan pelat yang akan di las.
Jika pelat itu tipis maka untuk menyambungnya dapat dilakukan tanpa
memberikan logam pengisi, sedangkan untuk pelat-pelat tebal diperlukan
logam pengisi untuk menjamin sambungan yang optimal. Jika pada pelat
tipis dipaksakan harus diberi logam pengisi maka hal itu mungkin saja
dilakukan. Akan tetapi pada daerah sambungan akan nampak tonjolan logam
las yang terlihat kurang baik.</div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: times new roman;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: times new roman;">
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edy_rahmanxtkr1http://www.blogger.com/profile/12576767657900949759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8391889409040449560.post-67849352415063821262013-05-15T01:53:00.000-07:002013-05-17T00:41:07.684-07:00Pengelasan dengan las gas<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengelasan dengan Gas<br />
<br />
Pengelasan dengan gas dilakukan dengan membakar bahan bakar gas dengan O2
sehingga menimbulkan nyala api dengan suhu yang dapat mencairkan logam induk
dan logam pengisi, sebagai bahan bakar dapat digunakan gas-gas asetilin, propan
atau hidrogen, diantara ketiga bahan bakar ini yang paling banyak dipergunakan
adalah gas asetilin, sehingga las gas pada umunya diartikan sebagai las
oksi-asetilen, karena tidak memerlukan arus listrik, maka las oksi-asetilen
banyak dipakai dilapangan walaupun pemakaiannya tidak sebanyak las busur
elektroda terbungkus.<br />
<br />
3.1. Nyala Oksi-asetilen<br />
<br />
Nyala hasil pembakaran dalam las oksi-asetilen dapat berubah tergantung dari
perbandingan gas oksigen dan gas asetilen seperti ditunjukan pada gambar
dibawah :<br />
<br />
a. Nyala dengan asetilen yang berlebihan atau nyala karburasi<br />
b. Nyala yang netral <br />
c. Nyala dengan oksigen yang berlebihan atau nyala oksidasi<br />
<br />
Perbandingan penggunaan las oksi asetilen dan las busur elektroda terbungkus<br />
<br />
Nyala Oksi-asetilen<br />
<br />
1. Nyala netral adalah nyala ini terjadi bila perbandingan antara oksigen dan
asetilen sekitar satu, nyala terdiri atas kerucut dalam yang berwarna putih
bersinar kerucut yang berwarna biru bening.<br />
2. Nyala asetilen lebih adalah bila asetilen yang digunakan melebihi dari pada
jumlah untuk mendapatkan nyala netral maka diantara kerucut dalam dan luar akan
timbul kerucut baru berwarna biru, didalam bagian nyala-nyala ini terdapat
kelebihan gas asetilen yang menyebabkan terjadinya karburasi pada logam cair.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Nyala oksigen lebih adalah bila
gas oksigen lebih dari pada jumlah yang diperlukan untuk mengahsilkan nyala
netral maka nyal menjadi pendek dan warna kerucut dalam berubah dari putih
bersinar menjadi ungu, bila nyala ini digunakan untuk mengelas maka akan terjadi
proses oksidasi atau dekarburisasi pada logam cair.<br />
<br />
Karena sifatnya yang dapat merubah komposisi logam cair maka nyala asetilen
berlebih dan nyala oksigen berlebih tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengelas baja,
dalam nyala oksi-asetilen netral terjadi dua reaksi kimia bertingkat<br />
<br />
Suhu pada ujung kerucut dalam kira-kira 3000oC dan di tengah kerucut luar
kira-kira 2500oC, suhu ini masih rendah dari pada suhu yang terjadi pada busur
listrik dan konsentrasi suhu juga kurang baik. Karena hal ini maka las oksi-asetilen
hanya dapat dipakai untuk mengelas dengan laju yang rendah saja sehingga
terjadi perubahan bentuk pada hasil pengelasan.</span></div>
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edy_rahmanxtkr1http://www.blogger.com/profile/12576767657900949759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8391889409040449560.post-79152222302037886712013-05-15T01:41:00.000-07:002013-05-17T00:59:56.888-07:00Pengetahuan dasar las OAW<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="color: black;">
PENGETAHUAN DASAR LAS OAW
</h3>
<b>Las OAW</b> adalah proses pengelasan secara manual dengan cara
memanaskan permukaan logam yang akan dilas sampai mencair oleh nyala gas
asetilin melalui pembakaran C2H2 dengan gas O2. <br />
Tabung Oksigen; biasanya berwarna biru atau hitam, mempunyai katub atau
pembuka katup berupa roda tangan, baut serta mur pengikatnya menggunakan
ulir kanan. Bagian atas ada dudukan untuk memasang regulator.
Penyimpanan gas oksigen dalam tabung-tabung baja dibagi kedalam
kelas-kelas yaitu kelas medium dengan tekanan sampai 15 kg/cm2 dan
tekanan tinggi dengan tekanan kerja hingga 165 kg/cm2. <br />
Tabung Asetilin; didalam tabung asetilin terdapat beberapa alat misalnya
bahan berpori seperti kapas sutra tiruan atau asbes yang berfungsi
sebagai penyerap aseton, yaitu bahan supaya asetilin dapat larut dengan
baik dan aman di bawah pengaruh tekanan. Dibagian bawah tabung diberi
sumbat pengaman atau sumbat lebur akan meleleh dan lubang sumbat akan
bocor bila sumbat pengaman mencapai suhu 100°C. Pengeluaran gas tidak
boleh lebih dari 750 liter/jam. Tabung ini berisi 40 s.d. 60 liter gas
asetilin, bentuknya pendek dan gemuk, biasanya berwarna merah. <br />
Syarat kacamata las OAW : harus mempunyai daya penerus yang baik
terhadap cahaya tampak, mampu menahan cahaya dan sinar yang berbahaya,
tidak melelahkan mata, tahan lama dan mempunyai sifat tidak mudah
berubah, harus memberi rasa nyaman pada pemakai.<br />
<br />
<b>Nyala Las</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gwM5HBjZluM/TfXLZoVTImI/AAAAAAAAABc/Wp3X3RHXv7Y/s1600/nyala%2Bnetral%2Boaw.bmp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="109" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gwM5HBjZluM/TfXLZoVTImI/AAAAAAAAABc/Wp3X3RHXv7Y/s320/nyala%2Bnetral%2Boaw.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
Nyala
inti adalah nyala permulaan terbakarnya zat arang (karbon) dari
asetilin. Nyala luar adalah hasil pembakaran gas karbon monoksida (CO)
dan hidrogen (H2) dengan zat asam dari udara (02).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-20MUX16lr8g/TfXL4LVtajI/AAAAAAAAABk/SaGJkq0IkaM/s1600/nyala%2Boksidasi%2Boaw.bmp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="103" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-20MUX16lr8g/TfXL4LVtajI/AAAAAAAAABk/SaGJkq0IkaM/s320/nyala%2Boksidasi%2Boaw.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
Jumlah
zat asam lebih besar. Nyala inti jadi lebih pendek dan berbentuk
meruncing ke ujungnya. Ada suara mendesis yang lebih keras dibsndingkan
dengan desisan suara nyala netral.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2ftygZcAFEk/TfXMTdAzvvI/AAAAAAAAABs/18m8POgAXgo/s1600/nyala%2Bkarburasi%2Boaw.bmp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="118" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2ftygZcAFEk/TfXMTdAzvvI/AAAAAAAAABs/18m8POgAXgo/s320/nyala%2Bkarburasi%2Boaw.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>Nyala karburasi</b>
adalah nyala sewaktu katup zat asam mulai dibuka setelah nyala
asetilin terjadi. Nyala ini merupakan nyala campuran gas antara asetilin
dan zat asam dan jumlah asetilin masih sangat dominan.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qarfROg5pqI/TfXM3QjDYVI/AAAAAAAAAB0/3a4n1YMKEQw/s1600/nyala%2Blepas%2Boaw.bmp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="98" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qarfROg5pqI/TfXM3QjDYVI/AAAAAAAAAB0/3a4n1YMKEQw/s320/nyala%2Blepas%2Boaw.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>Nyala lepas</b>
adalah nyala yang terjadi karena tekanan campuran gas berlebihan, atau
karena lubang pengeluaran pada moncong obor agak tersumbat. Nyala ini
harus dihindarkan karena tidak stabil.<br />
<br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"> pengelasan menggunakan las
listrik <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1. </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">menentukan
kuat arus yang digunakan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> arus
yang digunakan dalam pengelasan harusnya tepat, karena akan mempengaruhi hasil
pengelasan. dalam menentukan kuat arus harus memperhatikan bebrapa hal penting,
diantaranya :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">diametr elektroda</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">tebal bahan yang dilas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">jenis elektroda yang digunakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">posisi pengelasan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> polaritas (sifat) pengutuban</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">cara mengatur arus
dengan cara memutar handel pada mesin las. besarnya arus yang dipilih dapat dibaca
pada skala arus yang terdapat pada pesawat las.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">-pengaruh besar arus
terlalu besar, maka elektroda akan mencair terlalu cepat, akibatnya :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">permukaan las akan lebih besar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">penembusan yang dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">akan terjai under cut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">-pengaruh besar arus
terlalu kecil, maka akan menyebabkan busur listrik sukar untuk menyala,
sehingga busur listrik yang terjadi tidak stabil. panas yang terjadi tidak
cukup untuk melelehkan elektroda dan bahan dasar, akibatya :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">rigi-rigi lasnya kecil dan tidak
rata</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">penembusannya dangkal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">-cara menyalakan
busur</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> untuk
menyalakan busur harus liat dulu jenis pesawat las yang digunakan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">A. pesawat las AC</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">dengan cara
menggoreskan ujung elektroda pada permukaan benda kerja yang akan dilas.
seperti menyalakan batang korek, bila busur sudah jadi, pertahankan nyala
tersebut untuk pengelasan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">B. pesawat las DC</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">dengan cara
menyentuhkan ujung elektroda pada permukaan benda kerja secara tegak lurus.
bila sudah menyala angkat setinggi elektroda (diameter elektroda/lingkaran)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">bila pengelasan belum
selesai, sementara elektroda sudah habis, maka elektroda harus diganti dan
busur dinyalakan lagi dengan cara sebagai berikut :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">jalur las harus dibersihkan dari
terak las</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">nyala busur las +10mm dari jalur
las tadi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">setelah busur las terjadi
cepat-cepatlah busur las di tarik kebelakang di tempat busur las terhenti</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">lanjutkan pengelasan sampai
panjang yang di tentukan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">2. pengaruh panjang
busur</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">
panjang busur juga akan mempengaruhi hasil pengelasan :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> A.
bila panjang busur tepat L=D, maka cairan elektroda akan mengalir dan mengendap
dengan baik. sehingga akan menghasilkan rigi-rigi las yang halus dan baik,
serta percikan teraknya halus.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> B.
bila busur terlalu panjang L>D, maka cairan elektroda akan mengalir dan menyebar.
sehingga akan menghasilkan rigi-rigi las yang kasar, tembusannya
dangkal dan percikan teraknya kasar serta keluar dari jalur las.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> C.
bila busur terlalu pendek L<D, busur yang terjadi sukar dipelihara sehingga
sering terjadi pembekuan pada ujung elektroda yang mengakibatkan rigi-rigi las
tidak rata, tembusan las tidak baik dan percikan teraknya kasar serta berbentuk
bola.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">3. gerakan dan
pengaruh kecepatan elektroda pada hasil las</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> A.
gerakan elektroda</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">pada waktu mengelas elektroda harus
digerakkan agar memperoleh dampak yang diinginkan, gerakan elektroda itu
diantaranya adalah :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">gerakan arah turun sepanjang sumbu
elektroda, gerakan ini dilakukan untuk mengatur jarak busur listrik agar
tetap.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">gerakan ayunan elektroda, gerakan ini
fungsinya untuk mengatur lebar jalur las yang dikehendaki.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">gerakan ayunan segitiga/zigzag,
gerakan ini fungsinya untuk mendapatkan penembusan yang baik diantara dua
celah plat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> B.
pengaruh kecepatan elektroda pada hasil las</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">
kecepatan tangan menarik atau mendorong elektroda pada waktu mengelas harus
stabil, sehingga akan memperoleh rigi-rigi las yang rata dan halus dengan
penembusan yang baik jika elektroda digerakkan trlalu cepat, maka pemanasan
bahan dasar kurang, sehigga akan diperoleh rigi-rigi las yang kecil dengan
penembusan dangkal. jika elektroda digerakkan terlalu lambat, maka akan
diperoleh rigi-rigi las yang lebar dan kuat dengan penembusan yang dalam.
bahkan kadang-kadang menimbulkan kerusakan pada sisi las atau yang sering
disebut under cut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://catatanmekanik.blogspot.com/2012/03/pengelasan-menggunakan-las-listrik.html">http://catatanmekanik.blogspot.com/2012/03/pengelasan-menggunakan-las-listrik.html</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br />
<b>
Dasar-dasar teknik pengelasan las listrik<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b>a.Prinsip las listrik </b><br />
Penyambungan dua buah logam atau lebih menjadi satu dengan jalan pelelehan atau
pencarian dengan busur nyala listrik sebagai smber panasnya.penggunaan tenaga
listrik sebagai sunber nyalanya dibagi menjadi dua yaitu<br />
1. Las tahanan listrik<br />
2. Las busur nyala listrik<br />
Las tahanan listrik adalah proses pengelasan yang di lakukan dengan cara
mengalirkan arus listrik melalui bidang-bidang atau permukaan benda kerja yang
akan di sambung atau di las.tahanan yang di timbul akan oleh arus listrik pada
bidang-bidang sentuh akan menimbulkan panas dan berguna mencairkan permukaan
sambung.<br />
Jadi,tekanan yang diberikan antara kedua bahan kerja akan menimbulkan paduan
antara dua buah yang disambung.<br />
Sedangkan las busur nyala listrik merupakan pengelasan yang di lakukan
dengan jalan mengubah arus listrik menjadi panas untuk melelehkan atau
mencairkan permukaan benda yang akan disambung dan membangkitkan busur nyala
listrik melalui elektroda.<br />
Proses terjadinya arus listrik ini diakibatka perbedaan tegangan listrik
antara kedua kutub yaitu kerja dan elektroda.perbedaan tegangan inin disebut
tegangan nyala busur.<br />
Besar tengangan ini antara 20 volt dan 40 volt<br />
<b>b. Elektroda</b><br />
Elektroda merupakn bagian terpenting dalam las busur listrik.selama pengelasan
elektroda akan habis pada saat berlansungnya pengelasan.jenis elektroda akan
mempengaruhi pengelasan, maka itu pemilihan dan jenis elekroda haruslah
tepat.berdasrkan selaput pelindungnya dibedakan menjadi 2 macam yaitu elektroda
polos dan elektroda berselaput.<br />
Elektroda berselaput ini terdiri dari bangian inti dan pelindung atau
fluks.pelapisan fluks dapt dilakukakn dngan cara di semprot,celup atau
destrusi.tujuan di buatnya fluks ini agar pada saat elektroda terbkar akan
menghasilkan gas co2 dengan tujuan melindungi cairan las,busur listrik dari
oksigen yang dapat mengalami bahan las mengalami oksidasi sehingga akan
mempengaruhi sifat mekanisme dari logam las.<br />
Jadi selaput elektroda mempunyai fungsi-fungsi antara lain :<br />
1.Mencegah terbentuknya oksida-oksida dan nitrad logam sewaktu proses
pengelasan berlansung.<br />
2. Membuat torak pelindung sehingga dapat mengurangi kecepatan pendingin
,dengan tujuan agar benda kerja yang dilas tidak mengalami getas atau rapuh.<br />
3. Memberikan sifat2 khusus terhadap hasil las-lasan dengan cara menambah
zat-zat tertentu yang terkandung dalam selaput.<br />
4. Menstabilkan terjadinya busur api dan mengarahkan nyala busur api sehingga
mudah di control.<br />
Oleh karena pemilihan jenis elektroda haruslah tepat dengan memperhatikan sebagai
berikut.<br />
• Jenis logam yang akan di las<br />
• Tebal bahan yang akan di las<br />
• Kekuatan mekanis yang di harapkan dari hasil pengelasan<br />
• Posisi pengelasan dan<br />
• Bentuk kampuh benda kerja<br />
<br />
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